Research Problem: One of the topics in modern societies that is actually an inevitable part of people's lives is the issue of stress. The presence of people in social environments such as educational spaces is accompanied by an understanding of levels of stress. University educational spaces are also among the environments in which people experience a level of stress, while the main goal in these spaces is the growth and prosperity of people and the existence of stress is in contrast to these goals. Research question: The questions of the present study are in order to identify and extract environmental-physical stressors and the extent and percentage of importance of each factor and to examine the acceptability and challenge of the extracted factors. Objectives of the research: The main purpose of this research is an effort to reduce stress and increase spatial relaxation for users in university educational spaces. Research Method: The research has been done by survey method and in the form of Delphi technique and in it the attitude of experts and professors has been studied. Then, the analysis of information was performed by Shannon content analysis method. After studying and reviewing library resources, open-ended interviews have been conducted at various times with twelve psychiatrists, psychologists and expert architects in this field, then content analysis and effective components on user stress in educational spaces. University has been extracted according to the weighting of the coefficients of importance and their acceptability. The Most Important Results and Conclusion: The factors extracted by five professors specializing in the field of architectural design are divided into four separate categories. The results indicate that among all the extracted factors, four main factors include: 1-Environmental comfort (39. 20%), 2-Physical and physical factors (32. 80%), 3-Psycho-social factors (20 19% and 4-Perceptual factors (8. 00%) have an effective role on the level of stress in educational spaces. The challenge is related to factors that are stressful from the perspective of experts, and in contrast, people fully agree on factors that are not stressful,Therefore, there is the most disagreement about the factors that have gained the highest percentage of acceptance, and the issue of examining the factors will be challenging.

Abstract: This study sought to answer the question of what are the causes of marital infidelity in the Iranian family. To Answer the Research Question, Qualitative Meta-Synthesis (QMS) Method Were Used. Then, 78 Scientific Papers Which Were Considered Marital Infidelity in Iran were identified and were Analyzed. The results showed that the factors of infidelity in Iran can be classified into 9 main categories, including: 1. Social factors, 2. Psychological factors, 3. Cultural factors, 4. Family factors, 5. Personal factors, 6. Relational factors, 7. Economic factors, 8. Media factors, 9. Contextual factors. Each of the main Categories is divided into Different Subcategories. The Social factors of infidelity were including “Infidelity Opportunities”, “Friend groups” and “Environmental Conditions”. Psychological factors of Infidelity Were Including “Personality Type”, “Attachment Styles”, and their “Love Schema”. Cultural factors have Pointed to “Change in Beliefs and values” and “the level of Religious Education” of people. The Family factors were including “Inappropriate Marriage”, “Family Conflict” and “the Kind of Family Background of people”. The Personal factors are “Sexual Dissatisfaction”, “Emotional Dissatisfaction”, “the Feeling of Loneliness”, “the Spouse Unavailability”, “Weakness in Controlling Spouse”, “Domestic Violence”, “Revenge of the Spouse” and “the Role of the Third Person in the Relationship”. The Economic factors are including “the Economic Status of the person”, “the Role of Economic Problems”, “the motivation of entering into infidelity under the Pretext of Job promotion”. The media factors Were Emphasized on “weakening Iranian Values through Social Media Networks and Foreign Satellite Channels” and “Producing of New Needs by Media”. Finally, the Contextual factors were including the Role of “Age” and “Gender” in the Infidelity. Findings showed that Infidelity Occurred in the group of men and youth in Iran, more than other Social Groups.

Introduction: Clinical education is an essential part of education in operating room, any problems in clinical education Creates problems for this part of the education to be effective and efficient. The aim of this study was to determine the challenging factors of clinical education from the viewpoint of the operating room and anesthesia students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Sampling method was census Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on students of Operating and Anesthesia Room of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2015-2016. Criteria for the study was Passing at least one clinical practice unit in the operating room. A researcher made questionnaire which it's reliability was calculated and confirmed by a test-retest method was employed collect data. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Results: 194 students completed questionnaires, 51 of whom were male and 143 were female. 146 (75. 3%) were operative students and 48 (24. 7%) students were anesthetists. The scale of challenging factors faced by students is as follows: The educational environment 97 (50%), the scope of interpersonal communication 93 (47. 9%), the range of clinical experiences in clinical education was 93 (47. 9%), the domain of humiliating experiences was 74 (38. 1%), and the area of unpleasant feelings was 74 (38. 1%) Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study Clinical education authorities Must adopt methods to reduce the challenges of clinical education. Since the teaching environment plays an important role in solving educational challenges Therefore, special attention should be paid to these environments.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of leading schools, so that it can be used in Iran's education. For this purpose, first, according to the research background and theoretical foundations, a conceptual framework was presented in the field of the components of an efficient and progressive school. Due to the nature of the subject, this research is an applied and developmental research and its method is of a mixed type, and includes quantitative and qualitative methods. According to the obtained information, the statistical population is about 3000 people. The sample size is estimated to be 344 people using Morgan's table. Stratified sampling method was used for sampling in this research, and 84 managers and 260 teachers participated in this study. The tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the data and answer the research questions, the correlation coefficient test and factor analysis were used. The results of the research showed that the components of management and leadership, research factors, educational factors, human resources, budget and infrastructure, technology and equipment are the main components of the formation of leading schools, and the component of educational factors has the largest contribution.

Identifying the constraining factors of production and yield gap is very important. Therefore; this research was performed to identify the production constraining factors of local rice cultivars. All management practices from nursery preparation to harvesting stages for 100 paddy fields of local rice cultivars were recorded through field studies, in Sari, from 2015-2016. In the CPA, the actual and calculated potential yield were 4495 and 5703 kg/ha, respectively and the gap was 1221 kg/ha. The yield gap caused by number of top-dressing variables was 324 kg/ha, equal to 27% of the total yield gap. The yield gap related to previous year of legumes cultivation was 218 kg ha-1, equal to 18% of the total yield variation. Among the 10 variables entered in the CPA model, the effects of top-dress fertilizer application and its application frequency and foliar application were remarkable, which could compensate a significant part of the yield gap (444 kg/ha, 37% of total) in the farmers’ fields by managing these variables. According to boundary line analysis (BLA) finding, actual yield mean on the basis of optimal limit related to 12 variables under study was 5369 kg/ha, with 881 kg/ha yield gap . Mean relative yield and relative yield gap for 12 variables (transplanting date, seedling age, number of seedlings per hill, planting density, nitrogen and phosphorous per hectare, nitrogen before transplanting, harvesting date, lodging problem, pest problem, diseases problem and weeds problem) were 83.64 and 16.35 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the finding, it can be stated that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimation of the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each restricting yield variables.

Introduction. Controversial findings are reported on the risk of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are some interactions between CKD and other metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome (MS) and obesity regarding coronary heart disease (CHD) outcomes. Materials and Methods. A total of 2823 men and 3684 women aged 30 years and older, without cardiovascular disease, were followed for 10 years. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratio of CHD was estimated for those who developed CKD, MS or both by sex and body mass index levels below and above 27 kg/m2. The interaction term of CKD and MS and also CKD-MS components were assessed in the Cox proportional hazard models as well. Results. Chronic kidney disease without MS, showed a significant effect on CHD only in participants with low body mass index (hazard ratio, 2. 06; 95% confidence interval, 1. 28 to 3. 31 in the men and hazard ratio, 2. 56; 95% confidence interval, 1. 04 to 6. 31 in the women). The joint effect of CKD and MS decreased to one-third of their multiplicative effect in this subgroup, indicating a negative interaction between CKD, MS, and Obesity. The same interaction was observed between CKD and hypertension in both sexes and CKD and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the men. Conclusions. Our results showed that CKD was an independent risk factor for CHD only in nonobese individuals; however, its risk was wiped out when joined to MS. Following the concept of “ obesity paradox, ” the term of “ risk factors paradox” also needs more attention.